The second step in the analysis was to define each of the
factors that are included in the ADS and to specify certain options in
MAS that determine how age and calendar year are represented. In the
facility comparison analyses age-related effects were implicitly
represented through the use of the external rates, and calendar period
was included as a factor in the analysis. The resulting ADS ( see
Table AI ) contained data for each of the maximum possible 180
cells where the person-years are greater than zero and a separate ADS
was generated for each race and gender group. For example, for white
males there were 175 cells and the observed deaths and SMRs for each
cause are listed in Table III. The expected deaths were obtained
using rates for the U.S. population, [10], i.e. the expected
deaths in each cell are
, where 
is
the person-years in the 
age group of the 
stratum and
is the age-cause-specific death rate for the appropriate
U.S. race and gender group.
