year	cpus	storage	tools	applications
1954	First computer--ORACLE (Oak Ridge Automated Computer And Logical Engine) photo
1985	First distributed memory parallel computer delivered -- Intel iPSC/1, 32 cpus, Serial # 1 Photo 7568-85 7217-85 7219-85	(1983)CDIAC originated; won Data Center award LANL's CFS storage system
1986	First shared memory parallel computer delivered -- Sequent Balance 8000, 8 cpus Photo 8799-97		message-passing multiprocessor simulator Denelcor HEP multiprocessor simulator
1987			benchmarking of Ametek S14, Intel iPSC, and nCube hypercubes
1988	Distributed memory -- Intel iPSC/2, 64 cpus, Serial # 1 Photo 7027-91		Hypercube simulation on a LAN benchmarking of Intel iPSC/2 hypercube
1989			PICL developed ParaGraph developed remote host facility for Intel hypercubes
1990	Distributed memory -- Intel iPSC/860, 128 cpus, Serial # 1 Photo 8056-90 8054-90	Storage Tek Tape Robot 1.1 TB ARM archive established		World's first publicly available 3D deterministic radiation transport code (TORT) released by ORNL Gordon Bell award (price/performance) 1st prize IBM Supercomputing competition (Scientific Excellence in Supercomputing) Cray GigaFLOP award for superconductivity calculations
1991	Shared memory -- Kendall Square KSR1-32, Serial # 1 Photo 01344-92		PVM benchmarking of Intel iPSC/860 and nCube 6400 hypercubes	CHAMMP
1992 CCS added	Kendall Square upgraded to KSR1-64 gif Intel Touchstone Sigma with 66 GP nodes (aka Paragon XP/S 5) Serial # 1 Intel Paragon XP/S 35 with 512 GP nodes gif		PVM application wins SC92 Heterogeneous Computing Challenge ("Most Heterogeneous") hypercube clock synchronization algorithm	Spectral transform method parallelized
1993	XP/S 35 message co-processors enabled	Storage Tek upgraded to 4.8 TB	XPVM wins Heterogeneous computing challenge (most elegant interface) instrumenting message-passing Fortran
1994 CCII formed	KSR has 100% uptime Paragon XP/S 35 passes acceptance test XP/S 35 upgraded to 32MB per node XP/S 5 message co-processors enabled IBM SP-2 delivered 05945-96 Intel MP XP/S 14 with 96 MP nodes arrives	108 GB Max Strat RAID disk CREO Optical 1 TB/tape IBM 3495 Tape Robot 100 TB NSL-UniTree software ARM archive moved to UniTree	PICL 2.0 released DOLIB and DONIO PVM3 wins R&D 100 ParaGraph performance analysis package adopted and marketed by Intel SSD. EES verifies interprocessor communication latency of Intel Paragon MP at target figure of 30 microseconds EES research on the effect on performance of job assignment to paragon processors used to design and evaluate scheduling algorithms.	CHAMMP run of PCCM2 on 512 nodes of XP/S 35 simulating 250 days Spectral algorithms for shallow water code Order N scaling for LSMS up to 512 atoms Solved microscopic theory of the vortex state in superconductors Magnetic moment inhomogeneities in disordered NiCu alloys CETEP ported to paragons to study Ge adatom on Si GCT 1.0 run on 512 processors (using 1.3 million grid points) PICS Molecular dynamics world record Car crash modeling gif TORT converted from CTSS to UNICOS
1995 gif	MP Paragon XP/S 150 gif Photo 00425-95 00424-95 HiPPI nodes on Paragons P6 (Pentium Pro) testing XP/S 150 passes acceptance test	NASA DAAC at ORNL	Cumulvs introduced DONIO improves Large Scale Seismic Application I/O by factor of 25 Performance testing of Giganet's ATM/OC-12 interface on Paragon MPI-1 specifications HPF and C++ cross-complilers installed	PCCM2 T170 run continuously to one year Nanotechnology CMD run on over 10,000,000 atoms on XP/S 35 LSMS run up to 1024 atoms on XP/S 150
1996	R&D 100 for GigaNet OC-12C board jpg, jpg TORC (Tennessee-Oak Ridge Cluster) using Linux/NT, Miranet/ATM SGI Onyx Reality Engine 2 for VizLab SGI Onyx Infinite Reality (4 processor SMP) for VizLab XP/S 5 upgraded to XP/S 10	IBM 3495 tape library replaced with two IBM 3494's Over 3 TB in UniTree	Secure PVM PVM with IP multicast Beta testing the Chen-1000 server Secure Online Facilities gif HFIR project Electronic Notebooks Electron Microscope Project Metacomputing project wins Gold medal for Concurrency at SC96 Steering team wins Silver medal for Innovation at SC96 PSTSWM shallow water code becomes part of ParkBench	BES Award for Outstanding Sci. Accomp. in M&C ( GMR) XP/S 35 & XP/S 150 linked for runs of LSMS 04412-96 Native ATM over ESnet between ORNL and SNL Paragons CalTech/JPL world record for synthetic forces (10,000) linked runs of LSMS over ATM on 512 nodes each of ORNL/SNL Paragons Linked runs of LSMS on ORNL Paragon and PSC Cray t3D Multi-tasking speeds up TORT by 4.5 on 8 processor Cray Y-MP 2-d decomposition of CCM3 new cartesian algorithm parallelized for climate 0424-96 coupled models of climate systems in heterogeneous environment
1997	IBM SP2 upgraded to 24 nodes Stone SouperComputer announced Photo 127422-97 KSR1-64 donated to The Computer Museum at Moffett Field	HPSS replaces UniTree (5 million files, 8 TB moved) HPSS wins R&D 100 award	MPI-2 specifications AVS/Eigen interface used for LSMS CoVise installed for VizLab DB2 installed	linked run of CTH on ORNL/SNL Paragons MCNP (LANL's premiere stochastic radiation transport code) ported to XP/S 150 and run on 1024 nodes linked run of CTH over ATM using PVM on 2048 nodes (1024 each) of ORNL/SNL paragons CalTech/JPG sets another world record for synthetic forces (50,000)
1998	Stone SouperComputer up to 126 nodes 127387-97 SRC procurement announced Benchmarking on T0 (T-zero), C-plant, and Tera	HPSS/ARM up to 3 million files, 12 TB	Harness Atlas	Protein structure prediction Large scale genome analysis Advanced models for CCM3 M4GC adds CLM to improve spin dynamics regional climate science
FUTURE	hardware? opto-electronic neurocomputing Quantum communications	storage?	tools?	applications?